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Differential Shafts: Principle and Application
A differential shaft, also known as a friction shaft or air-controlled rewinding shaft, is designed for winding and special unwinding processes in slitting machines. It operates by controlling the friction torque using compressed air, ensuring smooth and consistent performance during material handling.
The structure of a differential shaft consists of a mandrel and multiple sets of friction rings (also called differential rings). These friction rings can slide independently, allowing the torque to be adjusted either through central pressure or lateral transfer pressure. This feature ensures that each coil is wound under constant tension, resulting in uniform and neat layers from the inner to the outer diameter.
Slitter machines are used to divide a large roll of material into smaller coils. Proper tension control is essential to maintain product quality, improve production efficiency, and ensure consistent transverse distribution. However, due to inherent thickness variations in the material, each coil may experience accumulated diameter errors. This can lead to unstable tension and speed differences between coils, causing uneven stretching and potential damage to some sections of the material.
Differential shafts effectively address these issues by precisely controlling the tension of each individual roll. The friction rings slide at a controlled friction torque, compensating for speed differences and maintaining consistent tension throughout the winding process.
Depending on the material type, slitting width, thickness, and tension requirements, selecting the appropriate differential shaft can significantly enhance performance. By integrating a differential shaft into a slitting machine, automation levels can be improved, reducing manual intervention, increasing operational speed, and improving rewinding accuracy.
This technology is especially beneficial when working with high-value materials such as tinsel, battery separators, and special papers, as it enhances efficiency and reduces costs. With its advanced design and reliable performance, the differential shaft has become an essential component in modern slitting and winding systems.
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