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Bearing stress is something both machines and people can experience. Just like humans, bearings must be able to handle pressure without breaking down. When selecting a bearing, it's crucial to ensure that its load capacity is sufficient for the application. Choosing the wrong bearing can lead to early failure, reduced performance, and costly downtime.
There are two main types of stress to consider: static and dynamic. Static stress occurs when a bearing is stationary or moving very slowly under a load—whether constant or variable. If the load exceeds the bearing’s capacity, it can cause permanent deformation of the rolling elements or even flatten them, leading to catastrophic failure. This kind of damage often happens in applications where the bearing isn't used frequently but is subjected to heavy loads.
Dynamic stress, on the other hand, occurs when a bearing is rotating under a load. Whether the load is steady or fluctuating, if it's too high for the bearing's capacity, it can cause fatigue in the material. Over time, this leads to cracks, flaking, and eventually failure due to material fatigue. Dynamic stress is more common in high-speed or continuous operation environments.
When it comes to understanding why bearings fail from fatigue, there are three major theories. The maximum shear stress theory suggests that the primary cause is the highest shear stress within the bearing. The distortion energy theory argues that fatigue results from stresses distributed across a region rather than at a single point. Lastly, the alternating shear stress theory claims that the orthogonal stresses acting on the bearing are responsible for material fatigue.
While all these theories have some validity, the alternating shear stress theory is the most widely used in calculating the fatigue life of rolling bearings. Fatigue life, also known as rating life, refers to the number of revolutions or hours a bearing can operate before 90% of a group of identical bearings show signs of material fatigue. As the load increases, the rating life typically decreases.
At Emerson Bearing, our team of experts understands the importance of proper bearing selection. We help customers avoid unnecessary stress on their bearings by recommending the right solutions for their specific applications. Whether you're dealing with high loads, extreme temperatures, or complex machinery, we have the knowledge and resources to support you.
For more information on how we can help, visit our **Catalog** and **Technical Toolbox** pages today. Let us help you keep your bearings running smoothly and stress-free. Contact us now to learn how we can serve your needs.