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Bearing stress is a critical factor that can significantly impact the performance and lifespan of your machinery. Just like people, bearings experience pressure—both from the loads they carry and the conditions in which they operate. Choosing the right bearing means ensuring it's not "stressed out" by the forces it must endure.
When selecting a bearing, one of the most important considerations is its load capacity. If the applied load exceeds what the bearing can handle, it can lead to accelerated wear, plastic deformation, or even catastrophic failure. Two main types of stress should be considered: static and dynamic.
Static stress occurs when a bearing is either stationary or moving very slowly, but still under load—whether that load is constant or variable. Even if the bearing isn't rotating, an excessive load can cause permanent damage, such as flattening of rolling elements or deformation of raceways. This type of stress can severely reduce the bearing’s service life.
Dynamic stress, on the other hand, happens when the bearing is in motion, typically under a rotating load. In this case, repeated stress cycles can lead to fatigue. Over time, this fatigue can cause cracks, flaking, or spalling on the bearing surfaces, ultimately leading to failure. Understanding the difference between static and dynamic stress helps engineers make better-informed decisions about bearing selection.
There are several theories explaining how fatigue leads to bearing failure. The maximum shear stress theory suggests that the primary cause is the highest shear stress within the bearing. The distortion energy theory focuses on the overall stress distribution in a localized area, while the alternating shear stress theory emphasizes the role of orthogonal stresses in causing material fatigue. Among these, the alternating shear stress theory is widely accepted for calculating the fatigue life of rolling bearings.
The fatigue life of a bearing—often referred to as its rating life—is defined as the number of revolutions or hours a bearing can operate at a constant speed before 10% of a group of identical bearings show signs of material fatigue. As the load increases, the rating life generally decreases, making proper load management essential for long-term reliability.
At Emerson Bearing, our team of experts understands the importance of managing bearing stress effectively. We offer tailored solutions to ensure your bearings perform optimally under all operating conditions. Whether you're looking for technical guidance, product recommendations, or detailed specifications, we’re here to help. Explore our **Catalog** and **Technical Toolbox** pages today to learn more about how we can support your needs. Contact us anytime for personalized assistance and expert advice.